Teaching Competencies in Nursing Professors: Visions of Students and Academics / Competencias docentes en profesores de Enfermería: visión de alumnos y académicos

Objective. This work sought to know the view of Nursing professors and students about the competencies the faculty staff must have to deploy their educational function with maximum quality and efficiency. Methods. Descriptive qualitative study through focus groups conducted with professors, students and recent Nursing career graduates from universities in Spain. Results. The importance of the proposed teaching competencies was delved into, highlighting the importance of professors knowing the context in which they teach, having the ability to self-evaluate their activity, and having adequate interpersonal communication skills, and deploy the teaching-learning process by performing proper planning, using new technologies, and knowing how to engage in teamwork. Moreover, a small discrepancy was detected in relation to disciplinary competence, which students felt was of importance, but which academics indicated is taken for granted in nursing professors; competencies directly related to the act of teaching must be enhanced. Conclusion.Practical unanimity was found between academics and students in affirming that the competencies investigated are important for adequate development of the teaching activity in nursing professors. In all cases, the urgent need was highlighted for nursing professors to have adequate teaching training to provide their students with formation of the highest quality.

Objetivo. Conocer la visión de profesores y alumnos de Enfermería acerca de las competencias que deben presentar los docentes para desplegar su función educativa con la máxima calidad y eficacia. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo cualitativo a través de grupos focales realizados con profesores, alumnos y recién egresados del Grado en Enfermería de universidades de España. Resultados. Se profundizó en la importancia de las competencias docentes propuestas, destacando la relevancia de que los profesores conozcan el contexto en el que desarrollan la docencia, tengan la habilidad de autoevaluar su actividad, dispongan de unas adecuadas habilidades de comunicación interpersonal, y desplieguen el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje realizando una correcta planificación, empleando las nuevas tecnologías y sabiendo trabajar en equipo. Por otro lado, se detectó una pequeña discrepancia con relación a la competencia disciplinar, a la que los estudiantes brindaron una gran importancia, pero que los académicos indicaron que se da por supuesta en los profesores enfermeros, debiendo ser potenciadas las competencias directamente relacionadas con el acto docente. Conclusión. Se ha hallado una práctica unanimidad entre académicos y estudiantes en afirmar que las competencias investigadas son importantes para un adecuado desarrollo de la actividad docente en los profesores de Enfermería. En todos los casos, se destacó la imperiosa necesidad de que los profesores de Enfermería dispongan de una adecuada capacitación docente para poder brindar a sus estudiantes una formación de la máxima calidad.

Aportaciones del método Montessori a la práctica clínica de terapia ocupacional en demencias / Contributions of the Montessori method to the clinical practice of occupational therapy in dementia

Objetivos: identificar el valor terapéutico del Método Montessori en personas con demencia frente a la terapia ocupacional convencional. Métodos: se utilizó una metodología de tipo cualitativa enmarcada dentro del enfoque de la fenomenología, utilizando la técnica de grupos focales para estudiar el fenómeno de estudio. Se llevaron a cabo tres grupos focales, formados por tres terapeutas ocupacionales en cada uno. Se siguió los criterios del Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) para el presente estudio. Resultados: el Método Montessori influye en las habilidades de desempeño necesarias para la participación de la persona con demencia en sus ocupaciones diarias, mejorando y/o manteniendo su funcionalidad en las actividades de la vida diaria, especialmente en la alimentación, en las actividades instrumentales y en la participación social. Las terapeutas ocupacionales valoran que el Método Montessori contemple la actividad significativa y es utilizado de manera complementaria en su intervención con este colectivo. Conclusiones: El Método Montessori es una técnica que se utiliza de manera complementaria a otras en la intervención con personas con demencia. Impacta en el desempeño ocupacional de las personas con demencia. Es valorado por las terapeutas ocupacionales por contemplar aspectos como la actividad significativa, la posibilidad de desglosar las tareas, así como la adaptación, el control del error y la naturaleza manipulativa de los materiales y actividades que propone.(AU)

Objective: To identify the therapeutic value of the Montessori Method in people with dementia compared to conventional occupational therapy. Methods: A qualitative methodology framed within the phenomenology approach was extracted, using the focus group technique to study the phenomenon. Three focus groups were selected, formed by three occupational therapists in each one. The Consolidated Criteria for Qualitative Research Reporting (COREQ) are followed for this study. Results: The Montessori Method influences the performance skills necessary for participation of the person with dementia in their daily occupations, improving and/or maintaining their functionality in the activities of daily living, especially in feeding, in instrumental activities and in the social participation. Occupational therapists value that the Montessori Method contemplates meaningful activity, and it is used in a complementary way in their intervention with this group. Conclusions: The Montessori Method is a technique that is used in a complementary way to others in the intervention with people with dementia. It impacts the occupational performance of people with dementia. It is valued by occupational therapists for considering aspects such as significant activity, the possibility of breaking down tasks as well as adaptation, error control and the manipulative nature of the materials and activities it proposes.(AU)

Vivir con gota. Experiencias, impacto y retos de la enfermedad. Estudio cualitativo mediante grupos focales / Living with gout. Experiences, impact and challenges of the disease. Qualitative study through focus groups

Objetivo: Comprender las experiencias de personas con gota sobre sus causas y desencadenantes, tratamientos y medidas terapéuticas recomendadas e impacto de vivir con este problema. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo. Muestreo opinático, buscando variabilidad discursiva según género, edad, posición socioeconómica y tratamientos. Se hicieron 3 grupos focales con 11, 6 y 7 personas, siguiendo un guion de temas preestablecido. Análisis siguiendo procedimientos del análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Participaron 19 varones y 5 mujeres de diferentes edades, posición socioeconómica y tratamientos. Comorbilidades frecuentes: hipertensión e hipercolesterolemia. Como causas de gota mencionaron la genética y la falta de eliminación renal del urato. Refirieron escaso conocimiento de las causas, y necesitar más explicaciones sobre las mismas. Como desencadenantes del ataque identificaron: excesos alimentarios y/o enólicos, traumatismos, estrés o no seguir el tratamiento. Enumeraron diversos tratamientos farmacológicos y expresaron preocupación por sus posibles efectos adversos. Destacaron dificultades de adherencia a las recomendaciones. También describieron medidas no farmacológicas: descanso, frío, calzado adecuado, andar, beber agua y dieta. La gota crónica tiene un impacto importante en la vida diaria de pacientes y familiares. El dolor invalida y comporta dificultades para realizar actividades cotidianas. Refirieron sentirse irritables y con cambios de humor, que repercuten en sus relaciones familiares. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos aportan propuestas para mejorar la atención de las personas con gota. Se recomienda mejorar la información sobre sus causas, los desencadenantes de la crisis, las recomendaciones alimentarias y el ejercicio. Las causas tras la variabilidad de recomendaciones sobre tratamientos y hábitos de vida deberían analizarse en profundidad.(AU)

Objective: To delve into the experiences of people living with gout regarding its causes and triggers, recommended treatments and therapeutic measures, and the impact of living with this problem. Subjects and methods: Descriptive qualitative study. Opinion sampling, looking for discursive variability according to sex, age, socioeconomic position and treatments. Three focus groups were made with 11, 6 and 7 people, following a pre-established script of topics. Analysis following thematic content analysis procedures. Results: Participants were 19 men and 5 women, of different ages, socioeconomic status and treatments. Frequent comorbidities: hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Genetics and the lack of renal elimination of urate were mentioned as causes of gout. They reported little knowledge of the causes and need more explanations about them. As triggers of the attack they identified: excess food and / or alcohol, trauma, stress or not following the treatment. Various drug treatment and expressed concern about their possible adverse effects were listed. Difficulties in adherence to the recommendations were also described. Non-pharmacological measures: rest, cold, proper footwear, walking, drinking water, and diet were also described. Chronic gout has an important impact on the daily life of patients and their families. Pain invalidates and leads to difficulties in performing daily activities. Irritations and mood swings were reported, which affect their family relationships. Conclusions: These findings provide proposals to improve the care of people with gout. Information on its causes, the triggers of the crisis, dietary recommendations and exercise should be improved. The variability of treatments and recommendations on lifestyle should be analysed in depth.(AU)

Living with gout. Experiences, impact and challenges of the disease. Qualitative study through focus groups.

OBJECTIVE: To delve into the experiences of people living with gout regarding its causes and triggers, recommended treatments and therapeutic measures, and the impact of living with this problem. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Descriptive qualitative study. Opinion sampling, looking for discursive variability according to sex, age, socioeconomic position and treatments. Three focus groups were made with 11, 6 and 7 people, following a pre-established script of topics. Analysis following thematic content analysis procedures. RESULTS: Participants were 19 men and 5 women, of different ages, socioeconomic status and treatments. Frequent comorbidities: hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Genetics and the lack of renal elimination of urate were mentioned as causes of gout. They reported little knowledge of the causes and need more explanations about them. As triggers of the attack they identified: excess food and/or alcohol, trauma, stress or not following the treatment. Various drug treatment and expressed concern about their possible adverse effects were listed. Difficulties in adherence to the recommendations were also described. Non-pharmacological measures: rest, cold, proper footwear, walking, drinking water, and diet were also described. Chronic gout has an important impact on the daily life of patients and their families. Pain invalidates and leads to difficulties in performing daily activities. Irritations and mood swings were reported, which affect their family relationships. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide proposals to improve the care of people with gout. Information on its causes, the triggers of the crisis, dietary recommendations and exercise should be improved. The variability of treatments and recommendations on lifestyle should be analysed in depth.

Validación de dominios y competencias por grupos focales y juicio de expertos / Validation of domains and competencies by focus groups and expert judgment

Resumen El Consejo Mexicano de Ginecología y Obstetricia certifica a los especialistas para ejercer su especialidad y brindar una atención de alta calidad a las pacientes. En la actualidad, el Consejo está rediseñando el examen de Certificación en Ginecología y Obstetricia orientado a la evaluación de competencias profesionales a partir de las actividades profesionales confiables que permitan identificar los dominios de la competencia médica en un especialista. La competencia es una variedad de habilidades ejercidas a través de múltiples dominios o aspectos del desempeño profesional; sus descriptores requieren que contengan habilidades relevantes, contexto y la etapa o nivel de evaluación. Por su parte, los dominios son un conjunto de competencias clave. Este informe incluye los resultados de la primera validación en México de dominios y competencias para la evaluación de los ginecoobstetras a partir de una metodología cualitativa que comprende una revisión de la bibliografía, grupos focales, análisis de trabajos colegiados y validación por juicio de expertos. Los resultados se presentan divididos por los ocho dominios en los que se trabajó, se mencionan los comentarios más relevantes a discutir por los cuatro grupos focales. Éstos y la validación por expertos permitió reunir comentarios valiosos, coherentes y funcionales para el sistema de evaluación que quiere llevar a cabo el Consejo. Este ejercicio permitirá el posterior desarrollo de la tabla de especificaciones, reactivos o nuevos instrumentos de evaluación coherentes con un sistema de dominios, competencias y actividades profesionales confiables.

Abstract The Mexican Council of Gynecology and Obstetrics certifies specialists to practice their specialty and provide high-quality healthcare to patients. Currently, the Council is redesigning the Gynecology and Obstetrics Certification exam, oriented to the evaluation of professional competencies based on reliable professional activities that allow the identification of domains of a specialist's medical competencies. Competency can be defined as a variety of skills across multiple domains or aspects of professional performance. Its descriptors require to contain relevant skills, context, and the stage or level of assessment. Domains can be described as a set of competencies that are considered essential. This report includes the results of the first validation done in Mexico. The validation of domains and competencies for the evaluation of physicians in the area of Obstetrics and Gynecology is based on a qualitative methodology that includes a literature review, focus groups, analysis of collegiate works, and validation through expert judgment. The obtained results are divided into eight domains that mention the most relevant observations that were discussed by the four focus groups. The focus groups and the validation through expert judgment made it possible to gather valuable, coherent, and functional feedback for the evaluation system that the Council wants to carry out. This method will allow the subsequent development of the table of specifications, items, or new evaluation instruments congruent with a system of domains, competencies, and reliable professional activities.

Focus Groups in Brazilian Research: Current Scenario and Methodological Challenges / Grupos Focais na Pesquisa Brasileira: Cenário Atual e Desafios Metodológicos / Grupos Focales en la Investigación Brasileña: Escenario Actual y Desafíos Metodológicos

Abstract Based on an integrative review, this study aimed to critically discuss the use of focus groups in empirical research in Brazilian Psychology over the last two decades and to qualify the methodological decisions of those who opt for this approach. Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO were consulted, finding 62 articles in national journals in the area. The primary contexts of use were work, education, health, and social, with wide theoretical diversity. There has been a significant growth of the technique in research in Psychology since 2002, despite the need for improvement in the description of selection procedures, group composition, number of participants, the script for conducting, analysis, and presentation of results. However, it is necessary to ensure alignment between objective, theory, and method to improve the use of focus groups in psychological interventions.

Resumo A partir de uma revisão integrativa, o objetivo do estudo foi discutir criticamente o uso de grupos focais nas pesquisas empíricas da Psicologia brasileira nas últimas duas décadas e qualificar as decisões metodológicas daqueles que optam por essa abordagem. Foram consultadas as bases Scopus, Web of Science e SciELO, encontrando-se 62 artigos em periódicos nacionais da área. Os principais contextos de utilização foram trabalho, educação, saúde e social, com ampla diversidade teórica. Conclui-se que houve um crescimento significativo da técnica nas pesquisas em Psicologia desde 2002, apesar da necessidade de aprimoramento na descrição dos procedimentos de seleção, composição dos grupos, número de participantes, roteiro de condução, análise e apresentação dos resultados. Contudo, é necessário garantir o alinhamento entre objetivo, teoria e método para melhorar o uso de grupos focais em intervenções psicológicas.

Resumen A partir de una revisión integradora, el objetivo de este estudio fue discutir críticamente el uso de grupos focales en investigaciones empíricas de la Psicología brasileña durante las últimas dos décadas y calificar las decisiones metodológicas de quienes optan por este enfoque. Se consultaron Scopus, Web of Science y SciELO, y dio como resultado 62 artículos en revistas nacionales del área. Los principales contextos de uso fueron el laboral, educativo, sanitario y social, con amplia diversidad teórica. Se concluye que hubo un crecimiento significativo de la técnica en la investigación en Psicología desde 2002, a pesar de la necesidad de mejorar la descripción de los procedimientos de selección, composición del grupo, número de participantes, guion de realización, análisis y presentación de resultados. Sin embargo, es necesario asegurar la alineación entre objetivo, teoría y método para mejorar el uso de grupos focales en intervenciones psicológicas.

Desarrollo de una intervención mHealth para rediseñar la ruta asistencial de las personas que viven con VIH: Estudio cualitativo / Developing a mHealth intervention to redesign the current journey for people living with HIV: A qualitative study

Objetivo: Las personas que viven con el virus de la inmunodeficienciahumana podrían beneficiarse de nuevas estrategias de salud móvil (mSalud). El objetivo del estudio fue contribuir al diseño y desarrollo de unnuevo modelo asistencial en la población con virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y de la aplicación móvil necesaria para apoyarlo mediante:1) la exploración de la visión de personas que viven con el virus de lainmunodeficiencia humana y profesionales sanitarios sobre las herramientas digitales en la atención a este colectivo, y 2) la implementación desus perspectivas en la nueva aplicación y en la nueva ruta asistencial.Método: El estudio se realizó en dos fases: la primera tenía como objetivo conocer las perspectivas de los participantes sobre la salud móvilmediante la metodología cualitativa de los grupos focales, y la segundaimplementar estas valoraciones en la aplicación.Resultados: Participaron cinco pacientes y nueve profesionales sanitarios (tres farmacéuticos clínicos, tres enfermeras, dos médicas y una técnico de farmacia). Los pacientes consideraron que debían mejorarse lossiguientes aspectos en su ruta asistencial: información insuficiente (n = 5), falta de conocimiento de la enfermedad (n = 5) y modelo de dispensación de la medicación (n = 3). Los profesionales identificaron que debíanmejorarse: la calidad de vida de los pacientes (n = 7), el control de suenfermedad (n = 5) y de sus comorbilidades (n = 3), y la adherencia terapéutica (n = 5). De acuerdo con estas necesidades, se diseñó el nuevomodelo asistencial. (AU)

Objective: People living with human immunodeficiency virus couldparticularly benefit from mobile health (mHealth). The objective of thestudy was to contribute to the design and development of a new standard of care for people living with human immunodeficiency virus andthe mHealth app needed to support it by 1) exploring the view of peopleliving with human immunodeficiency virus and healthcare professionals onthe possibilities of mHealth tools on HIV care, and 2) implementing theirfeedback into the new app and into the new journey of people living withhuman immunodeficiency virus.Method: The study was conducted in two different phases: phase onewas to apprise patients’ and healthcare professionals’ perspectives onmHealth using the qualitative methodology of the focus groups, whereasphase two aimed to implement their feedback into the application.Results: A total of five people living with human immunodeficiency virusand nine healthcare professionals (three clinical pharmacists, three nurses, two physicians, and one pharmacy technician) participated in thefocus groups. The patients identified the following main aspects to be improved in the current patients’ journey: insufficient information (n = 5),lack of general population disease awareness (n = 5), and medicationdispensation model (n = 3). Moreover, healthcare professionals identifiedthe next health outcomes to be enhanced with mHealth tools: patients’quality of life (n = 7), control of the disease (n = 5) and comorbidities(n = 3), and adherence to medication (n = 5). According to these needs,the new healthcare model was designed. (AU)

Gestão e ambientes de trabalho na atenção primária à saúde: revisão de escopo / Gestión y entornos de trabajo en la atención primaria de salud: revisión del alcance / Management and work environments in primary health care: scope review

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar subsídios teóricos e empíricos sobre ambientes de trabalho na atenção primária à saúde (APS) em sua relação à saúde do trabalhador (questão preliminar) que indiquem elementos relativos à gestão (questão específica). Métodos: Scoping Review de seis etapas com consulta aos sujeitos, busca na literatura do período de 2010 a 2019 em seis bases de dados e bibliotecas virtuais com seleção de 21 artigos. A etapa complementar, de consulta, operacionalizou grupo focal com 14 trabalhadores da APS em um município do Sul do Brasil. Resultados: foram organizados em três categorias temáticas: i) Aspectos administrativos no ambiente de trabalho: dificuldades relacionadas à gestão; ii) Percepções sobre as relações de trabalho: barreiras entre equipe e gestão; e iii) Conflitos no ambiente de trabalho: estratégias de enfrentamento. Considerações finais: questões de ordem burocrática e de rotina da APS influenciam as relações interpessoais e os resultados alcançados, sendo fundamentais para o alcance de ambientes saudáveis de trabalho dos atores em cena. O suporte institucional, o diálogo e a possibilidade de exercer um trabalho pleno de sentido e valor é direito do trabalhador, reafirmando a promoção de ambientes de trabalho saudáveis na APS como prioridade ético-política.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar subsidios teóricos y empíricos sobre ambientes de trabajo en APS en su relación con la salud de los trabajadores (cuestión preliminar) que indiquen elementos relacionados con la gestión (cuestión específica). Métodos: Scoping Review de seis etapas con consulta a los sujetos, búsqueda bibliográfica en el período de 2010 a 2019 en seis bases de datos y bibliotecas virtuales con selección de 21 artículos. La fase complementaria, de consulta, consistió en un grupo de reflexión con 14 trabajadores de Atención Primaria de Salud en un municipio del Sur de Brasil. Resultados: organizados en tres categorías temáticas: Aspectos administrativos en el entorno laboral: dificultades relacionadas con la gestión; Percepciones sobre las relaciones laborales: barreras entre el equipo y la dirección; Conflictos en el entorno laboral: estrategias de afrontamiento. Consideraciones finales: las cuestiones burocráticas y rutinarias de la APS influyen en las relaciones interpersonales y en los resultados alcanzados, siendo fundamentales para el logro de ambientes de trabajo saludables de los actores en escena. El apoyo institucional, el diálogo y la posibilidad de ejercer un trabajo lleno de sentido y valor es un derecho del trabajador, reafirmando la promoción de ambientes de trabajo saludables en la APS como una prioridad ético-política.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify theoretical and empirical subsidies on work environments in primary health care (PHC) in relation to workers' health (preliminary question) that indicate elements related to management (specific question). Methods: six-step Scoping Review with consultation with the subjects, literature search from 2010 to 2019 in six databases and virtual libraries with selection of 21 articles. The complementary stage, consultation, operated a focus group with 14 PHC workers in a municipality in southern Brazil. Results: they were organized into three thematic categories: i) Administrative aspects in the work environment: difficulties related to management; ii) Perceptions about labor relations: barriers between staff and management; and iii) Conflicts in the workplace: coping strategies. Final considerations: bureaucratic and routine PHC issues influence interpersonal relationships and the results achieved, being fundamental for achieving healthy work environments for the actors on the scene. Institutional support, dialogue and the possibility of carrying out work full of meaning and value are workers' rights, reaffirming the promotion of healthy work environments in PHC as an ethical-political priority.

Repercusiones del confinamiento por COVID-19 en pacientes crónicos de Andalucía / Consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown in patients with chronic diseases in Andalusia

Objetivo: Conocer las repercusiones del confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19 en los autocuidados de personas con enfermedades crónicas y en su salud percibida, e identificar factores para el manejo y la gestión de su enfermedad en situaciones de emergencia. Método: Estudio cualitativo realizado en marzo-abril de 2020, durante el confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19, en Andalucía (España), mediante grupos focales virtuales usando la herramienta telemática Zoom. Se realizaron tres grupos con 34 pacientes (17 hombres y 17 mujeres) con enfermedades crónicas: artritis, diabetes, enfermedad cardiovascular, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, cáncer de mama y fibromialgia. Resultados: Las personas con enfermedades crónicas refirieron repercusiones del confinamiento en relación con su vivencia emocional, sus recursos de afrontamiento, la información recibida, las dificultades para el autocuidado y el contacto/acceso a los servicios sanitarios, además de sugerir aprendizajes para el futuro. Más y mejor información, formación de pacientes, colaboración directa con asociaciones de pacientes por parte de los gestores y una mejora de la accesibilidad telemática a los servicios sanitarios destacan como las principales líneas de mejora para minimizar el impacto de futuros confinamientos en el autocuidado y en la salud de las personas con enfermedades crónicas. Conclusiones: Durante el confinamiento, las personas con enfermedades crónicas experimentaron dificultades más allá del riesgo de contagio: interferencias en el cuidado y en la atención sanitaria recibida. Es necesaria mayor información y más formación a los/las pacientes y mejoras en la accesibilidad a los servicios sanitarios en situaciones de crisis sanitaria. (AU)

Objective: To understand the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the self-care of people living with chronic diseases and on their self-perceived health, and to identify factors that may influence the management of their disease in emergency situations. Method: A qualitative study conducted in 2020 (March and April) in Andalusia (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, through virtual focus groups, using the Zoom telematics tool. Three virtual focus groups were conducted, including 34 patients from Andalusia with different chronic conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, breast cancer and fibromyalgia. Results: People with chronic diseases reported effects of the lockdown in relation to their emotional experience, their coping resources, the information they received, the difficulties to manage self-care, and the contact or access to health services. They also suggested some lessons learned for the future. The need for more and better information, patient training, involving patient associations, and improving telematics access to health services are the main areas for improvement to minimize the impact of future quarantines on the self-care and the health of people with chronic diseases. Conclusions: Besides the risk of contracting COVID-19, the difficulties encountered by people with chronic diseases during the lockdown include interferences in the self-care and the health care received. Health crisis situations demand more information, training for patients and improvements in the health services accessibility for patients with chronic conditions. (AU)

[Consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown in patients with chronic diseases in Andalusia]. / Repercusiones del confinamiento por COVID-19 en pacientes crónicos de Andalucía.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the self-care of people living with chronic diseases and on their self-perceived health, and to identify factors that may influence the management of their disease in emergency situations. METHOD: A qualitative study conducted in 2020 (March and April) in Andalusia (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, through virtual focus groups, using the Zoom telematics tool. Three virtual focus groups were conducted, including 34 patients from Andalusia with different chronic conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, breast cancer and fibromyalgia. RESULTS: People with chronic diseases reported effects of the lockdown in relation to their emotional experience, their coping resources, the information they received, the difficulties to manage self-care, and the contact or access to health services. They also suggested some lessons learned for the future. The need for more and better information, patient training, involving patient associations, and improving telematics access to health services are the main areas for improvement to minimize the impact of future quarantines on the self-care and the health of people with chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Besides the risk of contracting COVID-19, the difficulties encountered by people with chronic diseases during the lockdown include interferences in the self-care and the health care received. Health crisis situations demand more information, training for patients and improvements in the health services accessibility for patients with chronic conditions.

Información sanitaria en la red. Necesidades, expectativas y valoración de la calidad desde la perspectiva de los pacientes. Investigación cualitativa con grupos focales / Online health information. Needs, expectations and quality assessment from the patients’ perspective. A qualitative study using focus group

Objetivo: explorar y comprender necesidades, expectativas y valoración de la calidad desde el punto de vista de los pacientes cuando buscan información sobre salud en internet. Diseño: Investigación cualitativa con grupos focales. Emplazamiento: Centro de Salud Profesor Jesús Marín, Molina de Segura. Región de Murcia. Participantes: Tres grupos focales. Número = 17 participantes, 11 mujeres y 6 hombres, de entre 24 y 55 años, que habían usado recientemente internet para buscar información sobre salud. Método: muestreo de conveniencia con cuotas por edad y sexo. Grabación y transcripción de las discusiones grupales. Análisis de texto mediante segmentación, categorización e interpretación de los discursos. Triangulación por varios investigadores. Resultados: cuando los pacientes usan internet como fuente de información, valoran la accesibilidad, inmediatez y exhaustividad, así como la autonomía y el poder que les proporciona en su relación con el sistema sanitario. Los procesos de búsqueda son sencillos, breves, muy específicos y habitualmente se limitan a los resultados de la primera pantalla. Entre los criterios para seleccionar unas páginas web frente a otras, destacan su comprensibilidad, diseño y ausencia de publicidad. Para valorar la fiabilidad de la información, los pacientes utilizan como estrategias el contraste entre diversas fuentes y la intuición. Conclusiones: internet satisface necesidades no solo de información, sino de apoyo emocional y sitúa a los pacientes en un plano de igualdad con los profesionales. Para valorar la calidad y fiabilidad de la información encontrada, se utilizan criterios y estrategias que no coinciden con los que definen los profesionales. Globalmente, la experiencia de buscar en internet información sanitaria se percibe como muy positiva.(AU)

Objective: to explore and understand patients’ needs, expectations and quality evaluation when searching for health information on the internet. Design: qualitative research with focus groups. Location: Professor Jesús Marín Primary Care Centre, Molina de Segura. Region of Murcia. Participants: three focus groups. N = 17 participants, 11 women and 6 men, aged between 24 and 55, who had recently used the internet to search for health information. Method: non-probabilistic convenience sampling of patients from a Primary Care Centre. Recording and subsequent transcription of group discussions. Text analysis by means of segmentation, categorization and speech interpretation. Researchers’ triangulation analysis. Results: when patients use the internet as a source of health-related information, accessibility, immediacy and thoroughness are highly valued, as well as the autonomy and the power it provides them in their interactions with the health system. Online searches are simple, short, very specific and, most often, limited to the results displayed on the first screen. Amongst the criteria used when selecting some web pages over the others, there their comprehensibility, design and absence of advertising are notable. In order to assess the reliability of the information, patients’ strategies rely on both contrasting different sources and their intuition. Conclusions: the internet not only fulfils the need for information, but also for emotional support, placing patients on an equal footing with professionals. The criteria and strategies used to evaluate the quality and reliability of the information found do not coincide with those defined by professionals. Overall, the experience of online searching for health information is perceived as very positive.(AU)

Descriptores sensoriales de preparaciones culinarias en base a Stevia Rebaudiana (Bertoni) de producción agroecológica mediante un grupo focal / Sensory descriptors of culinary preparations based on stevia rebaudiana (bertoni) of agroecological production through a focus groups

Fundamentos: La Stevia Rebaudiana (Bertoni) es un cultivo ancestral, cuyas hojas contienen glucósidos esteviol diterpenos que le confieren poder edulcorante, siendo factible en base aellas el desarrollo de preparaciones culinarias. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un grupo focal con integrantes dela comunidad de la Universidad Nacional de Lanús (n = 8), con la finalidad de definir descriptores sensoriales del edulcorante y de las preparaciones con Stevia desarrolladas en etapas previasde la investigación. Estas preparaciones fueron degustadas durante el transcurso del estudio, como parte de la obtenciónde las cualidades sensoriales. El grupo focal fue registrado en formato auditivo y escrito y categorizado con posterioridad.Resultados: En base a los resultados emergentes del grupo focal se pudieron caracterizar las percepciones, impresiones y sensaciones tanto a la Stevia como a las preparaciones culinarias desarrolladas. Conclusiones: Los descriptores sensoriales obtenidos podrán ser utilizados para el fomento del consumo de Stevia y para el análisis sensorial cuantitativo de los productos. (AU)

Background: Stevia Rebaudiana (Bertoni) is an ancestral crop, whose leaves contain steviol diterpene glycosides, which give it sweetening power, being feasible based on them thedevelopment of culinary preparations.Methods: A focus group was carried out with members of the community of the National University of Lanús (n = 8), inorder to define sensory descriptors of the sweetener and preparations with Stevia developed in previous stages of research. They were tasted during the course of the study, as part ofobtaining sensory qualities. The focus group was recorded in auditory and written format and subsequently categorized. Results: Based on the emerging results focus group, it waspossible to characterize both Stevia and the culinary preparations developed from the point of view of perceptions, impressions and sensations. Conclusions: The sensory descriptors obtained can be used to promote the consumption of Stevia and for the quantitative sensory analysis of the products. (AU)

Aprendizaje significativo de bioseguridad a través de infografías interactivas / Meaningful learning about biosafety through interactive infographics

Introducción: La implementación de diversos recursos interactivos en el aula fomenta nuevas estrategias educativas y edifica experiencias innovadoras entre docentes y estudiantes. En este sentido, la infografía, como objeto de aprendizaje, complementa el contenido disponible en los entornos virtuales y genera ambientes de aprendizaje reflexivos, cooperativos y autónomos. Objetivo: Identificar las apreciaciones, actitudes, experiencias y perspectivas en relación con el aprendizaje significativo de bioseguridad mediante el uso de infografías. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo a través de la técnica de grupos focales. Se preparó un guion entorno a las inquietudes obtenidas a partir de la retroalimentación y se formularon varias preguntas que fueron grabadas en audio. Para el análisis del discurso se definieron categorías básicas, las cuales se ajustaron conforme se revisaron los testimonios, según el método de la teoría fundamentada. Una vez identificadas las categorías se procedió a triangular el objetivo, los documentos y los estudios previos. Resultados: Se integró y analizó el contenido de la transcripción de los grupos focales. Se construyeron cuatro categorías básicas, que abarcaron la comprensión del estudiante con respecto a la función formativa del proceso, el empoderamiento de los estudiantes, el manejo de conflictos y algunas sugerencias de mejora desde la perspectiva del estudiante. Conclusiones: La técnica de grupos focales resultó una herramienta valiosa para conocer el desarrollo de nuevos contenidos digitales, a través de las infografias como una estrategia didáctica, evidente en procesos educativos dinámicos, flexibles, participativos y motivadores, que impulsan el aprendizaje significativo, el trabajo colaborativo y el pensamiento crítico(AU)

Introduction: Implementation of various interactive resources in the classroom encourages new educational strategies and builds innovative experiences among professors and students. In this respect, infographics, as a learning object, complements the content available in virtual environments and generates reflective, cooperative and autonomous learning environments. Objective: To identify appreciations, attitudes, experiences and perspectives regarding the meaningful learning of biosafety through the use of infographics. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out using the focus group technique. A script was prepared based on the concerns obtained from feedback, several questions were formulated and, later on, the answers were recorded on audio. For discourse analysis, basic categories were defined and adjusted as the testimonies were reviewed, based on the grounded theory method. Once the categories were identified, the objective, the documents and the previous studies were triangulated. Results: The contents of the focus groups' transcript were integrated and analyzed. Four basic categories were constructed, which included students' understanding of the formative function of the process, students' empowerment, management of conflicts, and some suggestions for improvement based on the students' perspective. Conclusions: The focus group technique was a valuable tool for learning about the development of new digital content, through infographics as a didactic strategy, a fact evident in dynamic, flexible, participatory and motivating educational processes that promote meaningful learning, collaborative work and critical thinking(AU)

Grupos focales como medida preventiva psicosocial en ámbito sanitario / Focus groups as a psychosocial preventive measure in healthcare

Objetivo: Describir los grupos focales realizados como medida preventiva derivada de la evaluación de riesgos psicosocial en trabajadores de dos hospitales. Material y Métodos: Derivado de la evaluación de riesgos psicosocial se realizaron grupos focales por trabajadores homogéneos, que estuvieran integrados por trabajadores, servicio de prevención, mando intermedio y delegado de prevención para evaluar la carga de trabajo. Resultados: Los trabajadores han evaluado variables para obtener conclusiones y han aportado sus experiencias así como opiniones y puntos de vista de los factores o situaciones que afectan su carga de trabajo, aportando ideas y medidas preventivas. Conclusiones: Se recomienda esta metodología como medida preventiva, permite darles voz a los trabajadores, su participación activa, que se sientan parte del proceso preventivo, se cumple la ley de prevención referente a la integración de la prevención en la empresa, en el conjunto de sus actividades (AU)

Objective: Describe the focus groups performed as a preventive measure derived from the psychosocial risk assessment in workers from two hospitals. Material and Methods: Derived from the evaluation of psychosocial risks, focus groups were carried out by homogeneous workers, which were made up of workers, prevention service, middle management and prevention delegate to evaluate the workload. Results: The workers have evaluated variables to obtain conclusions and have contributed their experiences as well as opinions and points of view of the factors or situations that affect their workload, providing ideas and preventive measures. Conclusions: This methodology is recommended as a preventive measure, it allows workers to be given a voice, their active participation, that they feel part of the preventive process, the prevention law regarding the integration of prevention in the company is complied with, in all its activities (AU)

Estrés percibido en niños deportistas: Análisis de grupos focales / Perceived stress in children athletes: Analysis of focus groups

Resumen Con el objetivo de conocer los factores que los niños perciben como estresantes dentro de la práctica deportiva, se llevó a cabo una investigación de corte cualitativo y de diseño fenomenológico, en la cual se realizaron cuatro grupos focales en los que participaron un total de 41 niños deportistas de entre seis y doce años pertenecientes a las disciplinas de gimnasia artística, natación clavados o fútbol. Las entrevistas permitieron identificar factores que los niños perciben como estresantes en su práctica deportiva, que según lo reportado por ellos, se dividen en dos contextos: el entrenamiento y la competencia. En el entrenamiento, los factores que más mencionaron fueron las exigencias y el favoritismo por algunos niños del grupo por parte del entrenador, así como experimentar emociones negativas, entre ellas la falta de tiempo para realizar otras actividades y el cansancio físico. En el contexto de la competencia, reportaron experimentar emociones negativas y preocupación como los factores que más les generan estrés. Los hallazgos permiten corroborar que los niños deportistas perciben distintas situaciones de estrés asociadas con la práctica de su disciplina, por lo que es importante incluir en los programas deportivos, el entrenamiento en estrategias de afrontamiento. Es probable que si los niños aprenden a afrontar el estrés de manera adecuada, no solo tendrán una mejor salud física y emocional, sino también más éxito en su disciplina y disminuirán las tasas de abandono.

Abstract Doing physical activity carries multiple benefits both physical and psychological (Aparicio, Carbonell y Delgado, 2010); however, when competitive sports practice is being carried out, the athletes can find themselves with less favoring situations such as pressure, coach demands and a psychologically challenging, environment that may conduce them to stress states (Lucia et al., 2017). The athletes that present stress in their sports practice exteriorize some consequences that may include low quality performance, loss of sleep and appetite, decrease in satisfaction levels for sports training and increase in physical injuries (Abián-Vicén, Báguena y Abián, 2015). When the stress becomes chronic it becomes as predictor of burnout syndrome in sports (De Francisco, Arce, Vílcheza y Vales, 2016). Also, these consequences may result significative not only in sports training but in the personal life of the athletes, therefore, is important make an intervention for these athletes to avoid reaching chronic stressful states. However, there is little information on the factors that cause stress in child athletes because most of the research in the field has been developed in an older population that practices high-performance sports (Ramírez, 2015), so it isn't appropriate to use this foundation with children because their development stage is different and stress could have different sources and repercussions. In order to know the factors that children perceive as stressors in sports, a qualitative research and phenomenological design was carried out, in which four focus groups were carried out, in which a total of 41 children participated. The inclusion criteria to participate were being affiliated with sports centers of the Mexico City government, being between 6 and 12 years old and having participated in at least one competition or tournament. Children who did not want to collaborate or whose parents did not give consent for their participation were excluded. A comparative analysis was made for the codification and categorization of information that consists of three types of codification: open, axial and selective (Onwuegbuzie, Dickinson, Leech y Zoran, 2011). After the open codification analysis, five preliminary categories were detected, later, in the axial codification, the judges agreed that the five categories of stressors that the children reported were produced in two different contexts: training and competition, so these two were classified as the two major categories. Finally, after the axial coding, every one of these two major categories stayed conformed by five the subcategories: personal situations, coaches, peers, family and external situations. Every subcategory consists of various factors that produce stress to children. In training, the factors that children mentioned are the demands and favoritism by the coach; also to experiment negative emotions like fear, anger or frustration; lack of time to do recreational and academic activities; extreme physical tiredness; negative interaction with peers, violence or exclusion between peers, the demand of satisfactory results by their relatives and the perception of lack of infrastructure for suitable training. In the competitive context, children report that suffering negative emotions generated by the pressure of competition, concerns about their performance in the contest, unpredictable situations such as accidents or delays, uneasiness about the performance of other competitors, and being exposed to the judgments that people who attend the competition will make, were the factors that children consider as generators of stress. In future research, it will be advisable to take into account the time that children have been practicing the sport, since it is possible that the perception of stress changes with the years of training. We can also evaluate in groups of children who are at the same age, since the maturation process progresses rapidly during childhood. It will also be worth differentiating between individual and team sports athletes.

Intervenção psicoeducacional promotora da literacia em saúde mental de adolescentes na escola: estudo com grupos focais / Psychoeducational intervention to promote mental health literacy among adolescents at school: a focus groups study / Intervención psicoeducativa para promover la alfabetización en salud mental de los adolescentes en la escuela: estudio con grupos focales

Resumo Enquadramento: Estudos nacionais e internacionais evidenciam reduzida literacia em saúde mental (LSM) dos adolescentes sobre a ansiedade e a necessidade de serem desenvolvidas intervenções psicoeducacionais em contexto escolar. Objetivo: Identificar as componentes de uma intervenção psicoeducacional de promoção da LSM sobre a ansiedade para adolescentes em contexto escolar. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo exploratório, descritivo e de natureza qualitativa, recorrendo a 2 grupos focais e à análise de conteúdo. No primeiro grupo focal, participaram 6 profissionais de saúde ou da educação e, no segundo, 6 adolescentes do 9º ano de escolaridade. Resultados: Foram identificadas as componentes de uma intervenção psicoeducacional de promoção da LSM sobre a ansiedade para adolescentes em contexto escolar, que contribuíram para o seu desenho preliminar, integrando 4 sessões de 90 minutos, com diferentes métodos e técnicas pedagógicas. Conclusão: Este estudo contribuiu para o desenho preliminar da intervenção psicoeducacional "ProLiSMental", que pretende capacitar os adolescentes para o acesso, a compreensão e a utilização de informação útil que os ajude na prevenção, no reconhecimento e na gestão da ansiedade.

Abstract Background: National and international studies have revealed low mental health literacy (MHL) on anxiety among adolescents and the need to develop psychoeducational interventions at schools. Objective: To identify the components of a psychoeducational intervention to promote MHL on anxiety among adolescents in the school context. Methodology: An exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative study was conducted using 2 focus groups and the content analysis technique. Six health or education professionals participated in the first focus group, and 6 9th-grade adolescents participated in the second focus group. Results: The components of a psychoeducational intervention to promote MHL on anxiety among adolescents in the school context were identified, contributing to its preliminary design. The intervention consists of 4 90-minute sessions using different pedagogical methods and techniques. Conclusion: This study contributed to the preliminary design of the "ProLiSMental" psychoeducational intervention, which aims to enable adolescents to access, understand, and use relevant information that helps them to prevent, recognize, and manage anxiety.

Resumen Marco contextual: Estudios nacionales e internacionales muestran la escasa alfabetización en salud mental de los adolescentes respecto a la ansiedad y la necesidad de desarrollar intervenciones psicoeducativas en entornos escolares. Objetivo: Identificar los componentes de una intervención psicoeducativa para promover la alfabetización en salud mental (LSM en portugués) sobre la ansiedad de los adolescentes en el contexto escolar. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y de naturaleza cualitativa mediante 2 grupos focales y un análisis de contenido. En el primer grupo focal, participaron 6 profesionales de la salud o de la educación y, en el segundo, 6 adolescentes del 9.º grado de escolaridad. Resultados: Se identificaron los componentes de una intervención psicoeducativa de promoción de la LSM sobre la ansiedad en adolescentes en el contexto escolar, que contribuyeron a su diseño preliminar e incluyeron 4 sesiones de 90 minutos, con diferentes métodos y técnicas pedagógicas. Conclusión: Este estudio contribuyó al diseño preliminar de la intervención psicoeducativa "ProLiSMental", cuyo objetivo es capacitar a los adolescentes para acceder, comprender y utilizar información útil que les ayude a prevenir, reconocer y gestionar la ansiedad.

Perceptions of senior nursing students regarding clinical decision-making / Percepciones de estudiantes avanzados de enfermería sobre la toma de decisiones clínicas / Percepções dos estudantes finalistas em enfermagem sobre a tomada de decisão clínica

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand the perceptions of senior students in an undergraduate nursing course at a nursing college in Lisbon regarding skills related to clinical decision-making learned during their initial training. Methods: qualitative study, of an exploratory and descriptive nature. Data collection occurred by carrying out a focus group with eight senior students in an undergraduate nursing course. Data treatment applied content analysis, performed with twebQDA® software. Results: data were analyzed according to the four dimensions of Tanner's model of clinical judgment, and noticing and interpreting stood out as the most influential in clinical decision-making. Theoretical and clinical knowledge, validation of care planning, prioritization, and capacity to discuss and debate about situations emerged as the most representative skills. Final considerations: students make decisions by means of a complex process by using the knowledge and skills learned during their training.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender las percepciones de estudiantes avanzados de una escuela superior de enfermería de Lisboa sobre las competencias de toma de decisiones clínicas adquiridas en la formación inicial. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo. Datos recolectados mediante focus group con 8 estudiantes avanzados de la carrera de licenciatura en enfermería. Datos analizados por análisis de contenido, utilizándose software webQDA® . Resultados: los datos fueron analizados según las cuatro dimensiones del modelo de toma de decisiones de Tanner, destacándose la Percepción y la Interpretación como las más influyentes en la toma de decisiones clínicas. Surgieron como competencias más representativas: el conocimiento teórico y clínico, la validación de la planificación de cuidados, la priorización y la capacidad de discusión y argumentación sobre las situaciones. Consideraciones Finales: los estudiantes toman decisiones aplicando un proceso complejo, utilizando el conocimiento y las competencias adquiridas durante su formación.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender as percepções dos estudantes finalistas de uma escola superior de enfermagem de Lisboa sobre as competências de tomada de decisão clínica adquiridas na formação inicial. Métodos: estudo qualitativo de caráter exploratório e descritivo. A colheita de dados foi realizada por meio de um focus group, com 8 estudantes finalistas do curso de licenciatura em enfermagem. Na aná lise dos dados, recorreu-se à análise de conteúdo pelo software webQDA®. Resultados: os dados foram analisados segundo as quatro dimensões do modelo de tomada de decisão de Tanner, destacando-se a Percepção e a Interpretação como as mais influentes na tomada de decisão clínica. Emergiram como competências mais representativas: o conhecimento teórico e clínico, a validação do planejamento dos cuidados, a priorização e a capacidade de discussão e argumentação sobre as situações. Considerações Finais: os estudantes tomam decisões por meio de um processo complexo usando o conhecimento e as competências adquiridas na formação.

Violencia hacia el profesional de enfermería: una etnografía focalizada

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir las experiencias del profesional de enfermería sobre la violencia experimentada en su trabajo. Material y Método: Estudio cualitativo con diseño etnográfico focalizado. Los participantes se seleccionaron utilizando un muestreo no-probabilístico por bola de nieve. Los datos se recolectaron a través de 25 entrevistas a profundidad vía telefónica entre enero y junio de 2018, en tres hospitales de Veracruz, México. El Modelo Interactivo de violencia en el lugar de trabajo diseñado por Chappell y Di Martino fue el referente teórico y la técnica de análisis temática fue con el apoyo del software QUIRKOS. Resultados: Las temáticas resultantes fueron: causas y tipos de agresión, reacción de la víctima ante la agresión y agresor. En su mayoría fueron mujeres (72%), del turno matutino (52%), de los servicios de urgencias y medicina interna (28%). El 68% refirió no haber denunciado la agresión a sus superiores e identificaron al médico como el principal agresor (44%), seguido por el familiar del paciente (20%). Conclusión: Es imperativo la implementación de estrategias para evitar la violencia laboral, así como la formación de pautas a seguir en caso de ser violentada/o.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the experiences of nursing professionals concerning workplace violence. Material and Method: Qualitative study with a focused ethnographic design. Participants were selected using non-probability snowball sampling. Data were collected through 25 in-depth telephone interviews between January and June 2018 in three hospitals of Veracruz, Mexico. The theoretical framework was based on the Interactive Model of workplace violence designed by Chappell and Di Martino and the QUIRKOS software was used for the thematic analysis. Results: Findings alluded to the causes and types of aggression, the victim's reaction to the aggression and the aggressor. Participants were mostly women (72%), who worked the morning shift (52%), in the emergency and the internal medicine services (28%). 68% indicated not having reported the aggression to their supervisors and identified the physician as the main aggressor (44%), followed by the patient's family members (20%). Conclusion: It is critical that hospitals implement strategies to avoid workplace violence, as well as guidelines that nurses and other healthcare professionals can follow in case of violence in the work setting.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as vivências do profissional de enfermagem sobre a violência vivenciada em seu trabalho. Material e Método: Estudo qualitativo com desenho etnográfico focado. Os participantes foram selecionados por meio de amostragem não probabilística em bola de neve. Os dados foram coletados por meio de 25 entrevistas telefónicas em profundidade entre janeiro e junho de 2018, em três hospitais em Veracruz, México. O referencial teórico foi o Modelo Interativo de violência no trabalho desenhado por Chappell e Di Martino e a técnica de análise temática foi realizada com apoio do software QUIRKOS. Resultados: Os tópicos foram: causas e tipos de agressão, reação da vítima frente a agressão e o agressor. A maioria eram mulheres (72%), do turno da manhã (52%), dos serviços de emergência e clínica médica (28%). O 68% relatou não ter denunciado a agressão a seus superiores e apontaram o médico como o principal agressor (44%), seguido do familiar do paciente (20%). Conclusão: É imprescindível a implementação de estratégias para evitar a violência no trabalho, bem como a formação de diretrizes a serem seguidas em caso de violência.

Experiencias del entorno deportivo de origen al asesorar a esgrimistas migrantes / Supporting Migrant Fencers in a Sporting Environment / Experiências do entorno esportivo de origem ao assessorar a esgrimistas migrantes

Resumen Objetivo. Explorar las experiencias de entrenadores y profesionales de la salud, al asesorar la transición cultural y la carrera deportiva transnacional de esgrimistas colombianos migrantes. Método. Se conformaron dos grupos focales en los que participaron nueve personas (seis hombres y tres mujeres), de un equipo multidisciplinario de alto rendimiento en esgrima: cinco entrenadores y cuatro profesionales de la salud. Los datos se analizaron por medio del análisis temático reflexivo. Resultados. Se evidencia que acompañar la transición cultural de esgrimistas migrantes impacta en el bienestar y las dinámicas de asesoramiento de entrenadores y profesionales de la salud. Se generaron dos temas centrales: (a) en guardia y (b) marchar y romper. En el primero comentaron haber experimentado sorpresa, dilemas y la sensación de pasar a un segundo plano respecto a su rol como asesores técnicos y de la salud. En el segundo, se evidenció el cambio en las dinámicas de asesoramiento (comunicación virtual) y el carácter reactivo de las relaciones a distancia. Conclusión. La migración en el deporte genera nuevos desafíos para el equipo multidisciplinario que acompaña y asesora a los deportistas, tanto mujeres como hombres. Se proponen recomendaciones prácticas para entrenadores y profesionales de la salud, basadas en la praxis cultural de la Psicología Cultural aplicada al deporte.

Abstract Objective. To explore the experiences of coaches and health science professionals while supporting the cultural transition and the transnational sports career of migrant Colombian fencers. Method. Two focus groups were conducted with the participation of nine people of the top-class, multidisciplinary team in fencing (men = 6 and women = 3), coaches (n = 5) and health sciences professionals (n = 4). A reflexive thematic analysis was performed. Results. Supporting the cultural transition of migrant fencers impacts the well-being and supporting dynamics of coaches and health professionals. Two main issues were generated: (a) En garde; and (b) Marche and retraite. Regarding En garde, participants expressed that they faced dilemmas, surprise and the feeling of fading into the background regarding their role as technical and health support providers. In Marche and retraite, the change in the counseling dynamics (e.g. virtual communication) and the reactive nature of distance relationships was clear. Conclusion. The sport migration create new challenges for the multidisciplinary team that supports and assists athletes' transnational careers. Hence, practical recommendations for coaches and health professionals based on the cultural praxis of Cultural Sport Psychology are suggested.

Resumo Escopo. Explorar as experiências de treinadores e profissionais da saúde, ao assessorar a transição cultural e a carreira esportiva de esgrimistas colombianos migrantes. Metodologia. Foram conformados dois grupos focais nos que participaram nove pessoas (seis homens e três mulheres), da equipe multidisciplinar de alto rendimento em esgrima: cinco treinadores e quatro profissionais da saúde. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise temática reflexiva. Resultados. Foi evidenciado que acompanhar a transição cultural de esgrimistas migrantes impacta no bem-estar e as dinâmicas de assessorar de treinadores e profissionais da saúde. Foram gerados dois temas centrais: (a) em guarda e (b) marchar e quebrar. No primeiro comentaram ter experimentado surpresa, dilemas e a sensação de passar a um segundo plano respeito a seu controle como assessores técnicos e da saúde. No segundo, foi evidenciada a mudança nas dinâmicas de assessorar (comunicação virtual) e o caráter reativo das relações a distancia. Conclusão. A migraçao esportiva gera novos desafios para a equipe multidisciplinar que acompanha e assessora aos atletas, tanto mulheres como homens. São propostas recomendações práticas para treinadores e profissionais da saúde, baseadas na práxis cultural da Psicologia Cultural ao esporte.

Representações sociais sobre uso de cannabis entre jovens: estudo comparativo / Social representações of cannabis use among youngsters: comparative study / Representaciones sociales de la cannabis entre los jóvenes: estudio comparativo

Buscou-se identificar e comparar as representações sociais sobre o consumo da maconha na perspectiva de dois grupos de jovens: frequentadores de uma universidade pública, e participantes não-universitários de um projeto social com oriundos de bairros periféricos. Os dados foram coletados em grupos focais, cada um com seis participantes, sendo a análise fundamentada na teoria das representações sociais e operacionalizada pela análise temática. Foram delimitadas categorias a posteriori: imagens da maconha, visão dos familiares, papel/lugar da maconha, motivação/influência para o uso, contexto de uso, posicionamento da escola/universidade e consequências. Observaram-se aproximações entre os grupos sobre a percepção de inocuidade da maconha por ser produto natural e a dificuldade de dialogar a respeito com os familiares, mas também diferenças, por exemplo, quanto a ser ou não a maconha porta de entrada para outras drogas. Discutir sobre a maconha ainda gera resistências e traz tabus, acentuando a necessidade de promoção de diálogos (AU).

We sought to identify and compare the social representations of marijuana use from the perspective of two groups of young people: those attending a public university, and non-university participants attending a social project with people from suburbs. Data were collected in focus groups, each with six participants, and the analysis was based upon the theory of social representations and carried out through thematic analysis. A posteriori categories were delimited: images of marijuana, family members' view, marijuana's role/place, motivation/influence for use, context of use, school/university positioning and consequences. There were similarities between the groups regarding the perception of the safety of marijuana as a natural product and the difficulty of talking about it within the family, but also differences, for example, as to whether or not marijuana is the gateway to other drugs. Discussing marijuana still generates resistance and brings taboos, accentuating the need to promote dialogues (AU).

Se buscó identificar y comparar representaciones sociales del consumo de marihuana desde dos grupos de jóvenes: los que asisten a una universidad pública y los participantes no universitarios en un proyecto social con personas de los barrios periféricos. Los datos se recolectaron en grupos focales, cada uno con seis participantes, y el análisis se basó en la teoría de las representaciones sociales mediante análisis temático. Se delimitaron categorías a posteriori: imágenes de la marihuana, visión de los familiares, rol/lugar de la marihuana, motivación/influencia para el uso, contexto de uso, posicionamiento de la escuela/universidad y consecuencias. Hubo similitudes en cuanto a la percepción de la seguridad de la marihuana y la dificultad de hablar con los familiares, pero también diferencias, por ejemplo, si la marihuana es o no la puerta de entrada. Hablar de la marihuana aún genera resistencias y trae tabúes, lo que acentúa la necesidad del diálogo (AU).